Google Cloud Spanner Storage Backend

The Google Cloud Spanner storage backend is used to persist Vault's data in Spanner, a fully managed, mission-critical, relational database service that offers transactional consistency at global scale, schemas, SQL, and automatic, synchronous replication for high availability.

• High Availability – the Google Cloud Spanner storage backend supports high availability. Because the Google Cloud Spanner storage backend uses the system time on the Vault node to acquire sessions, clock skew across Vault servers can cause lock contention.

• Community Supported – the Google Cloud Spanner storage backend is supported by the community. While it has undergone review by HashiCorp employees, they may not be as knowledgeable about the technology. If you encounter problems with them, you may be referred to the original author.

storage "spanner" {
  database = "projects/my-project/instances/my-instance/databases/my-database"
}

For more information on schemas or Google Cloud Spanner, please see the Google Cloud Spanner documentation.

spanner Setup

To use the Google Cloud Spanner Vault storage backend, you must have a Google Cloud Platform account. Either using the API or web interface, create a database and the following tables:

CREATE TABLE Vault (
  Key       STRING(MAX) NOT NULL,
  Value     BYTES(MAX),
) PRIMARY KEY (Key);

CREATE TABLE VaultHA (
  Key           STRING(MAX) NOT NULL,
  Value         STRING(MAX),
  Identity      STRING(36) NOT NULL,
  Timestamp     TIMESTAMP NOT NULL,
) PRIMARY KEY (Key);

The Google Cloud Spanner storage backend does not support creating the table automatically at this time, but this could be a future enhancement. For more information on schemas or Google Cloud Spanner, please see the Google Cloud Spanner documentation.

spanner Authentication

The Google Cloud Spanner Vault storage backend uses the official Google Cloud Golang SDK. This means it supports the common ways of providing credentials to Google Cloud.

1. The environment variable GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS. This is specified as the path to a Google Cloud credentials file, typically for a service account. If this environment variable is present, the resulting credentials are used. If the credentials are invalid, an error is returned.

2. Default instance credentials. When no environment variable is present, the default service account credentials are used.

For more information on service accounts, please see the Google Cloud Service Accounts documentation.

To use this storage backend, the service account must have the following minimum scope(s):

https://www.googleapis.com/auth/google-cloud-spanner.data

spanner Parameters

• database (string: <required>) – Specifies the name of the database. Note that this is specified as a "path" including the project ID and instance, for example:

  projects/my-project/instances/my-instance/databases/my-database
  

  Copy

• table (string: "Vault") - Specifies the name of the table where data will be stored and retrieved.

• max_parallel (int: 128) - Specifies the maximum number of parallel operations to take place.

High Availability Parameters

• ha_enabled (string: "false") - Specifies if high availability mode is enabled. This is a boolean value, but it is specified as a string like "true" or "false".

• ha_table (string: "VaultHA") - Specifies the name of the table to use for storing high availability information. By default, this is the name of the table suffixed with "HA".

spanner Examples

High Availability

This example shows configuring Google Cloud Spanner with high availability enabled.

api_addr = "https://vault-leader.my-company.internal"

storage "spanner" {
  database   = "projects/demo/instances/abc123/databases/vault-data"
  ha_enabled = "true"
}

Custom Tables

This example shows listing custom table names for data and HA with the Google Cloud Spanner Vault storage backend.

storage "spanner" {
  database = "projects/demo/instances/abc123/databases/vault-data"
  table    = "VaultData"
  ha_table = "VaultLeader"
}