Secrets engines

Secrets engines are components which store, generate, or encrypt data. Secrets engines are incredibly flexible, so it is easiest to think about them in terms of their function. Secrets engines are provided some set of data, they take some action on that data, and they return a result.

Some secrets engines simply store and read data - like encrypted Redis/Memcached. Other secrets engines connect to other services and generate dynamic credentials on demand. Other secrets engines provide encryption as a service, totp generation, certificates, and much more.

Secrets engines are enabled at a path in Vault. When a request comes to Vault, the router automatically routes anything with the route prefix to the secrets engine. In this way, each secrets engine defines its own paths and properties. To the user, secrets engines behave similar to a virtual filesystem, supporting operations like read, write, and delete.

Secrets engines lifecycle

Most secrets engines can be enabled, disabled, tuned, and moved via the CLI or API.

• Enable - This enables a secrets engine at a given path. With a few exceptions, secrets engines can be enabled at multiple paths. Each secrets engine is isolated to its path. By default, they are enabled at their "type" (e.g. "aws" enables at aws/).

  Case-sensitive: The path where you enable secrets engines is case-sensitive. For example, the KV secrets engine enabled at kv/ and KV/ are treated as two distinct instances of KV secrets engine.

• Disable - This disables an existing secrets engine. When a secrets engine is disabled, all of its secrets are revoked (if they support it), and all the data stored for that engine in the physical storage layer is deleted.

• Move - This moves the path for an existing secrets engine. This process revokes all secrets, since secret leases are tied to the path where they were created. The configuration data stored for the engine persists through the move.

• Tune - This tunes global configuration for the secrets engine such as the TTLs.

Once a secrets engine is enabled, you can interact with it directly at its path according to its own API. Use vault path-help to determine the paths it responds to.

Note that mount points cannot conflict with each other in Vault. There are two broad implications of this fact. The first is that you cannot have a mount which is prefixed with an existing mount. The second is that you cannot create a mount point that is named as a prefix of an existing mount. As an example, the mounts foo/bar and foo/baz can peacefully coexist with each other whereas foo and foo/baz cannot

Barrier view

Secrets engines receive a barrier view to the configured Vault physical storage. This is a lot like a chroot.

When a secrets engine is enabled, a random UUID is generated. This becomes the data root for that engine. Whenever that engine writes to the physical storage layer, it is prefixed with that UUID folder. Since the Vault storage layer doesn't support relative access (such as ../), this makes it impossible for an enabled secrets engine to access other data.

This is an important security feature in Vault - even a malicious engine cannot access the data from any other engine.