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v1.2.0

DigitalOcean Builder

Type: digitalocean Artifact BuilderId: pearkes.digitalocean

The digitalocean Packer builder is able to create new images for use with DigitalOcean. The builder takes a source image, runs any provisioning necessary on the image after launching it, then snapshots it into a reusable image. This reusable image can then be used as the foundation of new servers that are launched within DigitalOcean.

The builder does not manage images. Once it creates an image, it is up to you to use it or delete it.

Installation

To install this plugin using Packer v1.7.0 or later, copy and paste this code into your Packer configuration.

Then, run packer init.

packer {
  required_plugins {
    digitalocean = {
      version = ">= 1.0.4"
      source  = "github.com/digitalocean/digitalocean"
    }
  }
}

Configuration Reference

There are many configuration options available for the builder. They are segmented below into two categories: required and optional parameters. Within each category, the available configuration keys are alphabetized.

Required:

Optional:

  • api_url (string) - Non standard api endpoint URL. Set this if you are using a DigitalOcean API compatible service. It can also be specified via environment variable DIGITALOCEAN_API_URL.

  • http_retry_max (*int) - The maximum number of retries for requests that fail with a 429 or 500-level error. The default value is 5. Set to 0 to disable reties.

  • http_retry_wait_max (*float64) - The maximum wait time (in seconds) between failed API requests. Default: 30.0

  • http_retry_wait_min (*float64) - The minimum wait time (in seconds) between failed API requests. Default: 1.0

  • private_networking (bool) - Set to true to enable private networking for the droplet being created. This defaults to false, or not enabled.

  • monitoring (bool) - Set to true to enable monitoring for the droplet being created. This defaults to false, or not enabled.

  • droplet_agent (*bool) - A boolean indicating whether to install the DigitalOcean agent used for providing access to the Droplet web console in the control panel. By default, the agent is installed on new Droplets but installation errors (i.e. OS not supported) are ignored. To prevent it from being installed, set to false. To make installation errors fatal, explicitly set it to true.

  • ipv6 (bool) - Set to true to enable ipv6 for the droplet being created. This defaults to false, or not enabled.

  • snapshot_name (string) - The name of the resulting snapshot that will appear in your account. Defaults to packer-{{timestamp}} (see configuration templates for more info).

  • snapshot_regions ([]string) - The regions of the resulting snapshot that will appear in your account.

  • state_timeout (duration string | ex: "1h5m2s") - The time to wait, as a duration string, for a droplet to enter a desired state (such as "active") before timing out. The default state timeout is "6m".

  • snapshot_timeout (duration string | ex: "1h5m2s") - How long to wait for an image to be published to the shared image gallery before timing out. If your Packer build is failing on the Publishing to Shared Image Gallery step with the error Original Error: context deadline exceeded, but the image is present when you check your Azure dashboard, then you probably need to increase this timeout from its default of "60m" (valid time units include s for seconds, m for minutes, and h for hours.)

  • droplet_name (string) - The name assigned to the droplet. DigitalOcean sets the hostname of the machine to this value.

  • user_data (string) - User data to launch with the Droplet. Packer will not automatically wait for a user script to finish before shutting down the instance this must be handled in a provisioner.

  • user_data_file (string) - Path to a file that will be used for the user data when launching the Droplet.

  • tags ([]string) - Tags to apply to the droplet when it is created

  • vpc_uuid (string) - UUID of the VPC which the droplet will be created in. Before using this, private_networking should be enabled.

  • connect_with_private_ip (bool) - Wheter the communicators should use private IP or not (public IP in that case). If the droplet is or going to be accessible only from the local network because it is at behind a firewall, then communicators should use the private IP instead of the public IP. Before using this, private_networking should be enabled.

  • ssh_key_id (int) - The ID of an existing SSH key on the DigitalOcean account. This should be used in conjunction with ssh_private_key_file.

Basic Example

Here is a basic example. It is completely valid as soon as you enter your own access tokens:

source "digitalocean" "example" {
  api_token    = "YOUR API KEY"
  image        = "ubuntu-16-04-x64"
  region       = "nyc3"
  size         = "512mb"
  ssh_username = "root"
}

build {
  sources = ["source.digitalocean.example"]
}

Communicator Config

In addition to the builder options, a communicator can be configured for this builder.

  • communicator (string) - Packer currently supports three kinds of communicators:

    • none - No communicator will be used. If this is set, most provisioners also can't be used.

    • ssh - An SSH connection will be established to the machine. This is usually the default.

    • winrm - A WinRM connection will be established.

    In addition to the above, some builders have custom communicators they can use. For example, the Docker builder has a "docker" communicator that uses docker exec and docker cp to execute scripts and copy files.

  • pause_before_connecting (duration string | ex: "1h5m2s") - We recommend that you enable SSH or WinRM as the very last step in your guest's bootstrap script, but sometimes you may have a race condition where you need Packer to wait before attempting to connect to your guest.

    If you end up in this situation, you can use the template option pause_before_connecting. By default, there is no pause. For example if you set pause_before_connecting to 10m Packer will check whether it can connect, as normal. But once a connection attempt is successful, it will disconnect and then wait 10 minutes before connecting to the guest and beginning provisioning.

  • temporary_key_pair_type (string) - dsa | ecdsa | ed25519 | rsa ( the default )

    Specifies the type of key to create. The possible values are 'dsa', 'ecdsa', 'ed25519', or 'rsa'.

    NOTE: DSA is deprecated and no longer recognized as secure, please consider other alternatives like RSA or ED25519.

  • temporary_key_pair_bits (int) - Specifies the number of bits in the key to create. For RSA keys, the minimum size is 1024 bits and the default is 4096 bits. Generally, 3072 bits is considered sufficient. DSA keys must be exactly 1024 bits as specified by FIPS 186-2. For ECDSA keys, bits determines the key length by selecting from one of three elliptic curve sizes: 256, 384 or 521 bits. Attempting to use bit lengths other than these three values for ECDSA keys will fail. Ed25519 keys have a fixed length and bits will be ignored.

    NOTE: DSA is deprecated and no longer recognized as secure as specified by FIPS 186-5, please consider other alternatives like RSA or ED25519.

  • ssh_host (string) - The address to SSH to. This usually is automatically configured by the builder.

  • ssh_port (int) - The port to connect to SSH. This defaults to 22.

  • ssh_username (string) - The username to connect to SSH with. Required if using SSH.

  • ssh_password (string) - A plaintext password to use to authenticate with SSH.

  • ssh_ciphers ([]string) - This overrides the value of ciphers supported by default by Golang. The default value is [ "aes128-gcm@openssh.com", "chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com", "aes128-ctr", "aes192-ctr", "aes256-ctr", ]

    Valid options for ciphers include: "aes128-ctr", "aes192-ctr", "aes256-ctr", "aes128-gcm@openssh.com", "chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com", "arcfour256", "arcfour128", "arcfour", "aes128-cbc", "3des-cbc",

  • ssh_clear_authorized_keys (bool) - If true, Packer will attempt to remove its temporary key from ~/.ssh/authorized_keys and /root/.ssh/authorized_keys. This is a mostly cosmetic option, since Packer will delete the temporary private key from the host system regardless of whether this is set to true (unless the user has set the -debug flag). Defaults to "false"; currently only works on guests with sed installed.

  • ssh_key_exchange_algorithms ([]string) - If set, Packer will override the value of key exchange (kex) algorithms supported by default by Golang. Acceptable values include: "curve25519-sha256@libssh.org", "ecdh-sha2-nistp256", "ecdh-sha2-nistp384", "ecdh-sha2-nistp521", "diffie-hellman-group14-sha1", and "diffie-hellman-group1-sha1".

  • ssh_certificate_file (string) - Path to user certificate used to authenticate with SSH. The ~ can be used in path and will be expanded to the home directory of current user.

  • ssh_pty (bool) - If true, a PTY will be requested for the SSH connection. This defaults to false.

  • ssh_timeout (duration string | ex: "1h5m2s") - The time to wait for SSH to become available. Packer uses this to determine when the machine has booted so this is usually quite long. Example value: 10m. This defaults to 5m, unless ssh_handshake_attempts is set.

  • ssh_disable_agent_forwarding (bool) - If true, SSH agent forwarding will be disabled. Defaults to false.

  • ssh_handshake_attempts (int) - The number of handshakes to attempt with SSH once it can connect. This defaults to 10, unless a ssh_timeout is set.

  • ssh_bastion_host (string) - A bastion host to use for the actual SSH connection.

  • ssh_bastion_port (int) - The port of the bastion host. Defaults to 22.

  • ssh_bastion_agent_auth (bool) - If true, the local SSH agent will be used to authenticate with the bastion host. Defaults to false.

  • ssh_bastion_username (string) - The username to connect to the bastion host.

  • ssh_bastion_password (string) - The password to use to authenticate with the bastion host.

  • ssh_bastion_interactive (bool) - If true, the keyboard-interactive used to authenticate with bastion host.

  • ssh_bastion_private_key_file (string) - Path to a PEM encoded private key file to use to authenticate with the bastion host. The ~ can be used in path and will be expanded to the home directory of current user.

  • ssh_bastion_certificate_file (string) - Path to user certificate used to authenticate with bastion host. The ~ can be used in path and will be expanded to the home directory of current user.

  • ssh_file_transfer_method (string) - scp or sftp - How to transfer files, Secure copy (default) or SSH File Transfer Protocol.

    NOTE: Guests using Windows with Win32-OpenSSH v9.1.0.0p1-Beta, scp (the default protocol for copying data) returns a a non-zero error code since the MOTW cannot be set, which cause any file transfer to fail. As a workaround you can override the transfer protocol with SFTP instead ssh_file_transfer_protocol = "sftp".

  • ssh_proxy_host (string) - A SOCKS proxy host to use for SSH connection

  • ssh_proxy_port (int) - A port of the SOCKS proxy. Defaults to 1080.

  • ssh_proxy_username (string) - The optional username to authenticate with the proxy server.

  • ssh_proxy_password (string) - The optional password to use to authenticate with the proxy server.

  • ssh_keep_alive_interval (duration string | ex: "1h5m2s") - How often to send "keep alive" messages to the server. Set to a negative value (-1s) to disable. Example value: 10s. Defaults to 5s.

  • ssh_read_write_timeout (duration string | ex: "1h5m2s") - The amount of time to wait for a remote command to end. This might be useful if, for example, packer hangs on a connection after a reboot. Example: 5m. Disabled by default.

  • ssh_remote_tunnels ([]string) -

  • ssh_local_tunnels ([]string) -

  • ssh_private_key_file (string) - Path to a PEM encoded private key file to use to authenticate with SSH. The ~ can be used in path and will be expanded to the home directory of current user.
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